What is CP@clinic?

CP@clinic is an innovative, evidence-based chronic disease prevention, management, and health promotion program that seeks to:

Improve older adults’ health and quality of life, and reduce their social isolation
Better connect older adults with primary care, and community resources
Reduce the economic burden of avoidable 911 calls by older adults

  • Locations accessible to large numbers of in-need individuals
  • To date, mostly in the common rooms of subsidized housing buildings
  • Now expanding to other settings such as shelters and community centers

Maria Attends A Typical CP@clinic Session

Maria is 75 and lives alone in her apartment. She has been diagnosed with high blood pressure and uses a walker. Most of her family lives out of town so she doesn’t have many visitors. She leaves her apartment once a week to run errands and do her laundry. She notices the new CP@clinic poster in her apartment lobby and decides to go to a CP@clinic session.

Navigate the banner below to follow Maria through her CP@clinic session.

    Image
    Maria attends CP@clinic on the day and time listed on the poster in the lobby. Maria sees that others in her building are also attending so she sits and waits for her turn.
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    When it’s Maria’s turn, she goes to sit with the paramedic. The paramedic reads through the program details with her and asks her if she would like to participate. Maria asks a few questions and then signs the consent form.
    Image
    The paramedic asks Maria questions about her health and takes her blood pressure, height, weight and waist measurements. The paramedic proceeds to conduct several health assessments.
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    After the assessments, Maria and the paramedic discuss her health risk factors including her blood pressure, risk of diabetes, risk of falling, and medications. The paramedic refers her to her primary care provider and a community falls prevention program. The paramedic writes down her doctor’s phone number and a list of questions she should ask during her appointment.
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    With the paramedic, Maria sets a health goal for this month and records it in her CP@clinic card. She plans to walk up and down her hallway with her walker at least 2 times every day to get more physical activity.
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    The paramedic encourages Maria to come back next month to follow up with her doctor's appointment and her walking goal. Maria writes the next CP@clinic date in her planner.
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    As Maria leaves the common room, some building residents she has never spoken to before invite her to stay for coffee and cards. She decides to join them.

    Facts & Figures

    CP@clinic is an evidence-based program, meaning that it was derived and informed by research. CP@clinic’s impact was first evaluated in a pilot project and then later in a large research trial and produced very positive results!

    CP@clinic Reduces 911 Calls by 19-25%

    Elderly man talking on phone while holding his chest

    The average number of ambulance calls per month was significantly lower in buildings that had CP@clinic compared to control buildings without CP@clinic, across multiple communities. 

    • 19% less calls in the CP@clinic multi-site randomized controlled trial1 
    • 22% less calls in 3 intervention buildings in Hamilton, ON2  
    • 25% less calls in the CP@clinic pilot study3  

    This reduction in 911 calls may allow for the reallocation of ambulances for those who are in greater need

    CP@clinic Improves Quality of Life

    Happy elderly woman outside with attendant

    Those who attended CP@clinic showed significant improvements in:

    • self-care (washing & dressing themselves)1
    • ability to engage in “usual activities”1,2 , and
    • pain and discomfort1

    There was a significant QALY gain ranging from 0.05 - 0.15 for those attending CP@clinic sessions1,2
    QALYs: Quality-Adjusted Life Years

    Improved quality of life can lead to older adults developing better coping skills and increased resiliency

    **Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are a common measure used to assess whether a drug, intervention, or program can increase or decrease the number of years in good health lived by participants. QALY is defined as one year of life lived in perfect health.4

    CP@clinic Reduces Chronic Disease Risk

    Woman taking home blood pressure test

    Blood pressure: 

    • For participants who had a high BP at their 1st CP@clinic session, 40.5% had their BP normalize after attending several CP@clinic sessions1 
    • For participants who had a high BP at their 1st CP@clinic session, their average BP decreased significantly by 5.0 mmHg systolic and 4.8 mmHg diastolic after the 2nd and 4th sessions. This decrease was sustained across 10 or more visits.2

    Diabetes Risk:

    • 50 of 63 or 79% of participants were identified as high risk of developing diabetes in the next 10 years.2  
    • There was an improvement in participants’ diabetes risk after several CP@clinic sessions.1,2  This  demonstrates the positive effects of the tailored health education of CP@clinic in this setting.

    CP@clinic Empowers Participants

    Elderly couple working outside in a garden

    CP@clinic participants are actively engaged in goal setting. Participants set goals for themselves based on their chronic disease risk factors enabling them to take charge of their health

    “It keeps you involved in your own health management also right. It brings awareness of health issues.” -CP@clinic Participant 5

    Connects to Primary Care

    Young female doctor checking patient's heart
    • 715 of 794, or 90% of residents who attended CP@clinic were provided with health education and directed towards their family physician for chronic disease risks1
    • 95%, or 755 of 794 participants had regular reports with their CP@clinic assessment results faxed to participants’ primary care providers potentially enabling them to receive optimal care1

    Cost Effective

    Infographic showing Net Gain of $128,120
    • CP@clinic is Proven to be Cost-effective. Benefit to Cost Ratio of 2:1 - For every $1 spent on the CP@clinic Program, the Emergency Care System sees $2 in benefits6
    • Using data from the CP@clinic Randomized Controlled Trial in 13 social housing buildings with 1461 residents6
    • Watch the Cost-Effectiveness of CP@clinic Infographic Video for more information.
    1. Agarwal G, Angeles R, Pirrie M, McLeod B, Marzanek F, Parascandalo J, Thabane L. (2019). Reducing 9-1-1 emergency medical service calls by implementing a community paramedicine program for vulnerable older adults in public housing in Canada: A multi-site cluster randomized controlled trial. Prehospital Emergency Care. 23(5): 718-729.
    2. Agarwal G, Angeles R, Pirrie M, McLeod B, Marzanek F, Parascandalo J. (2018). Evaluation of a Community Paramedicine Health Promotion and Lifestyle Risk Assessment Program in Seniors Living in Social Housing Buildings: A Cluster Randomized Trial. CMAJ. 190(21): E638-E647
    3. Agarwal G, Angeles R, Pirrie M, Marzanek F, McLeod B, Parascandalo J, Dolovich L. (2017). Effectiveness of a community paramedic-led health assessment and education initiative in a seniors' residence building: the Community Health Assessment Program through Emergency Medical Services (CHAP-EMS).BMC Emergency Medicine. 17(8): 1-8.
    4. Cape, J.D., Beca, J.M., and Hoch, J.S. (2013). Introduction to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Clini-cians. University of Toronto Medical Journal, 90(3). Accessed from http://healtheconomics.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/1493-2720-2-PB3.pdf
    5. Brydges M, Agarwal G, Denton M. (2016). The CHAP-EMS health promotion program: a qualitative study on participants' views of the role of paramedics. BMC Health Service Research. 16(435): n/a.
    6. Agarwal G, Pirrie M, Angeles R, Marzanek F, Thabane L, O'Reilly D. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a community paramedicine programme for low-income seniors living in subsidised housing: the community paramedicine at clinic programme (CP@clinic) BMJ Open 2020;10:e037386. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037386

    Infographics

    Click to View CP@clinic Paramedic Training Infographic

    CP@clinic Paramedic Training

    CP@clinic has evidence-based, standardized training for community paramedics. Community paramedics who complete this training can also earn a Microcredential. 
    Click to View CP@clinic: Improving participant health and preserving healthcare system resources Infographic

    CP@clinic: Improving participant health and preserving healthcare system resources

    CP@clinic is a unique program that has the potential to become the standardized wellness clinic model across Canada and internationally. CP@clinic addresses patient and healthcare system needs while saving money for the emergency care system.
    Click to View Perceived value and benefits of CP@clinic Infographic

    Perceived value and benefits of CP@clinic

    CP@clinic was successful in creating a supportive and friendly environment to facilitate health behavioural changes. Ongoing implementation of CP@clinic would allow residents to continue to build their chronic disease management knowledge and skills.
    Click to View Paramedics’ Perspectives on the Community Paramedic Role in Ontario Infographic

    Paramedics’ Perspectives on the Community Paramedic Role in Ontario

    This study was a cross-sectional, web-based survey of Ontario paramedics that measured perceptions, support, interest, and training in Community Paramedicine (CP).
    Click to View Data ownership and security for CP@clinic Infographic

    Data ownership and security for CP@clinic

    Who owns CP@clinic data? And how is it kept secure?
    Click to View Tsunami of Neglected Health Conditions Infographic

    Tsunami of Neglected Health Conditions

    We are starting to feel the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the form of increasing mental and psychological health concerns, social isolation, undetected/untreated chronic diseases, canceled health care, and lack of primary care access which can be addressed by CP@clinic in your community.
    Click to View Beneath the Tip of the Pandemic Iceberg Infographic

    Beneath the Tip of the Pandemic Iceberg

    What is hidden beneath the pandemic iceberg?
    Click to View The Community Paramedicine at Clinic (CP@clinic) Program Infographic

    The Community Paramedicine at Clinic (CP@clinic) Program

    The CP@clinic Program is an innovative and evidence-based program to address the high 911 call rate and high needs of the vulnerable population of older adults living in social housing.
    Click to View Canadian Medical Association Journal Infographic

    Canadian Medical Association Journal

    Intervention buildings where the CP@clinic Program was implemented had significantly fewer monthly ambulance calls and a greater improvement in older adults’ Quality Adjusted Life Years when compared to Control buildings in our pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial.
    Click to View Prehospital Emergency Care Infographic

    Prehospital Emergency Care

    Intervention buildings where the CP@clinic Program was implemented had a 19.4% reduction in EMS calls, and participants had improved health outcomes for Quality Adjusted Life Years, blood pressure, activities of daily living, pain, and diabetes risk when compared to Control buildings in our pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial.
    Click to View CP@home Infographic

    CP@home

    Older adults on the Long-Term Care waitlist or who have limited mobility are just some of the populations who can benefit from CP@clinic delivered as a home visit, also known as CP@home.
    Click to View Virtual CP@clinic Infographic

    Virtual CP@clinic

    To protect paramedics and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, Virtual CP@clinic can be implemented with no in-person contact, some in-person contact, or all in-person contact.
    Click to View Cost-effectiveness of CP@clinic Infographic

    Cost-effectiveness of CP@clinic

    CP@clinic has a 2:1 benefit to cost ratio – For every $1 spent on the CP@clinic Program, the Emergency Care System sees $2 in benefits.
    Click to View Feasibility of implementing CP@clinic with volunteers in a South Asian Population Infographic

    Feasibility of implementing CP@clinic with volunteers in a South Asian Population

    Adapting CP@clinic with volunteer translators for a Canadian South Asian population in a temple shows promise as an opportunity to address cardio-metabolic risk factors.
    Click to View Type 2 diabetes risk in older adults living in social housing Infographic

    Type 2 diabetes risk in older adults living in social housing

    The burden of disease among older adults in social housing is higher than we know: 1/3 of CP@clinic participants may have undiagnosed prediabetes or diabetes.
    Click to View Poverty and food insecurity of older adults living in social housing in Ontario Infographic

    Poverty and food insecurity of older adults living in social housing in Ontario

    People living in social housing in Ontario are twice as likely to be food insecure as the general public.

    Health Canada Support

    CP@clinic Scale-Up Supported by Health Canada

    ImageImageImage

    A model of care proven to reduce EMS calls — which frees up ambulances for quicker response times and may help reduce the burden on emergency departments — is expanding to sites across Canada.

    Group photo of CP@clinic team

    Dr. Gina Agarwal and the McMaster Community Paramedicine Research Team have been awarded Health Care Policy Contribution Program (HCPCP) funding by Health Canada to expand the innovative Community Paramedicine at Clinic (CP@clinic) program with paramedic services across Canada. CP@clinic is the leading evidence-based community paramedicine wellness clinic model and has the potential to benefit communities across Canada.

    CP@clinic is already well-established in Ontario implemented by 17 paramedic services in their local communities. The funding from Health Canada will allow Agarwal and her team to adapt CP@clinic to the unique needs and contexts of communities across the country and to develop the infrastructure necessary to run a sustainable program in multiple provinces.

    “Working with our paramedic services partners, we have tested and improved the CP@clinic model with a broad spectrum of urban and rural communities in Ontario,” says Agarwal. “This new funding is going to help us develop locally relevant instances of the program with paramedic services across Canada.” 

    CP@clinic Publications

    2024

    Physician perspectives of the community paramedicine at clinic (CP@clinic) and my care plan app (myCP app) for older adults

    Authors:
    Pauneez Sadri, Amelia Keenan, Ricardo Angeles, Francine Marzanek, Melissa Pirrie, and Gina Agarwal

    Reference:

    Sadri P, Keenan A, Angeles R, Marzanek F, Pirrie M, Agarwal G. Physician perspectives of the community paramedicine at clinic (CP@clinic) and my care plan app (myCP app) for older adults. BMC Prim Care. 2024 May 25;25(1):187. doi: 10.1186/s12875-024-02436-y. PMID: 38796442; PMCID: PMC11127385.
    2024

    2023

    Perceived value and benefits of the Community Paramedicine at Clinic (CP@clinic) programme: a descriptive qualitative study.

    Authors:
    Francine Marzanek, Kalpana Nair, Andrea Ziesmann, Aarani Paramalingam, Melissa Pirrie, Ricardo Angeles, Gina Agarwal

    Reference:

    Marzanek F, Nair K, Ziesmann A, Paramalingam A, Pirrie M, Angeles R, Agarwal G. (2023). Perceived value and benefits of the Community Paramedicine at Clinic (CP@clinic) programme: a descriptive qualitative study. BMJ Open, 13:e076066. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076066.
    2023

    Challenges in Recruiting Frequent Users of Ambulance Services for a Community Paramedic Home Visit Program.

    Authors:
    Mikayla Plishka, Ricardo Angeles, Melissa Pirrie, Francine Marzanek, Gina Agarwal

    Reference:

    Plishka M, Angeles R, Pirrie M, Marzanek F, Agarwal F. (2023). Challenges in Recruiting Frequent Users of Ambulance Services for a Community Paramedic Home Visit Program. BMC Health Services Research, 23:1091. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-10075-9
    2023

    The Most Common Self-Reported Reasons for Calling EMS: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Frequent Callers in Ontario.

    Authors:
    Ricardo Angeles, Brent McLeod, Janice Lee, Sabnam Mahmuda, Alix Stocic, Michelle Howard, Gina Agarwal

    Reference:

    Angeles R, McLeod B, Lee J, Mahmuda S, Stocic A, Howard M, Agarwal G. (2023). The Most Common Self-Reported Reasons for Calling EMS: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Frequent Callers in Ontario. International Journal of Paramedicine, 4: 29-39.
    2023

    Adapting the Community Paramedicine at Clinic (CP@clinic) program to a remote northern First Nation community: A qualitative study of community members’ and local health care providers’ views.

    Authors:
    Amelia Keenan, Pauneez Sadri, Francine Marzanek, Melissa Pirrie, Ricardo Angeles, Gina Agarwal

    Reference:

    Keenan A., Sadri P., Marzanek F., Pirrie M., Agarwal G. (2023). Adapting the Community Paramedicine at Clinic (CP@clinic) program to a remote northern First Nation community: A qualitative study of community members’ and local health care providers’ views. International Journal of Circumpolar Health.
    2023

    2022

    Paramedics’ perspectives of the community paramedic role in Ontario, Canada.

    Authors:
    Gina Agarwal, Melissa Pirrie, Ricardo Angeles, Francine Marzanek, Amelia Keenan, Brent McLeod, Krista Cockerell, Buck Reed

    Reference:

    Agarwal G, Pirrie M, Angeles R, Marzanek F, Keenan A, McLeod B, Cockerell K, Reed B. (2022). Paramedics’ perspectives of the community paramedic role in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Paramedic Practice, 14(11). doi: 10.12968/jpar.2022.14.11.464.
    2022

    Health knowledge and self-efficacy to make health behaviour changes: a survey of older adults living in Ontario social housing.

    Authors:
    Jasmine Dzerounian, Melissa Pirrie, Leena AlShenaiber, Ricardo Angeles, Francine Marzanek, Gina Agarwal

    Reference:

    Dzerounian J, Pirrie M, Al Shenaiber L, Angeles R, Marzanek F, Agarwal G. (2022). Health knowledge and self-efficacy to make health behaviour changes: a survey of older adults living in Ontario social housing. BMC Geriatrics, 22(1):473. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03116-1.
    2022

    Workplace violence against Emergency Health Care Workers: What Strategies do Workers use?

    Authors:
    Evelien Spelten, Julia van Vuuren, Peter O’Meara, Brodie Thomas, Mathieu Grenier, Richard Ferron, Jennie Helmer, Gina Agarwal

    Reference:

    Spelten E, van Vuuren J, O’Meara P, Thomas B, Grenier M, Ferron R, Helmer J, Agarwal G. (2022). Workplace violence against Emergency Health Care Workers: What Strategies do Workers use? BMC Emergency Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-022-00621-9.
    2022

    Integrating community paramedicine with primary health care: A qualitative study of community paramedic views.

    Authors:
    Gina Agarwal, Amelia Keenan, Melissa Pirrie, Francine Marzanek

    Reference:

    Agarwal G, Keenan A, Pirrie M, Marzanek-Lefevbre F. (2022). Integrating community paramedicine with primary health care: A qualitative study of community paramedic views. CMAJ Open 2022, 10(2):E331-E337. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20210179.
    2022

    2021

    The effect of COVID-19 on emergency medical service call volumes and patient acuity: a cross-sectional study in Niagara, Ontario.

    Authors:
    Richard Ferron, Gina Agarwal, Rhiannon Cooper, Douglas Munkley

    Reference:

    Ferron R, Agarwal G, Cooper R, Munkley D. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 on emergency medical service call volumes and patient acuity: a cross-sectional study in Niagara, Ontario. BMC Emergency Medicine, 21 (39). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-021-00431-5.
    2021

    Economic Analysis of Mobile Integrated Health Care Delivered by Emergency Medical Services Paramedic Teams.

    Authors:
    Feng Xie, Jiajun Yan, Gina Agarwal, Richard Ferron

    Reference:

    Xie F, Yan J, Agarwal G, Ferron R. (2021). Economic Analysis of Mobile Integrated Health Care Delivered by Emergency Medical Services Paramedic Teams. JAMA Network Open, 4(2):e210055. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0055
    2021

    Economic Analysis of Mobile Integrated Health Care Delivered by Emergency Medical Services Paramedic Teams

    Authors:
    Xie F, Yan J, Agarwal G, Ferron R*.

    Reference:

    JAMA Network Open. 4(2)
    2021

    Paramedics working in general practice: a scoping review

    Authors:
    Xi D, McCombe G, Agarwal G, et al.

    Reference:

    HRB Open Res.
    2021

    Reshaping healthcare delivery for elderly patients: the role of community paramedicine; a systematic review

    Authors:
    Van Vuuren J, Thomas B, Agarwal G, MacDermott S, Kinsman L, O’Meara P, Spelten E.

    Reference:

    BMC Health Services Research. 21 (29).
    2021

    Social isolation in older adults residing in social housing in Ontario: a cross-sectional study.

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Pirre M*, Gao A*, Angeles R, Marzanek F

    Reference:

    CMAJ Open
    2021

    Time to reshape our delivery of primary care to vulnerable older adults in social housing?

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Pirrie M*, Marzanek F, Angeles R.

    Reference:

    British Journal of General Practice. 71 (702): 6-7
    2021

    2020

    Cost-effectiveness analysis of a community paramedicine programme for low-income seniors living in subsidised housing: the community paramedicine at clinic programme (CP@ clinic)

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Pirrie M, Angeles R, Marzanek F, Thabane L, O'Reilly D.

    Reference:

    BMJ Open 2020;10:e037386. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037386
    2020

    Feasibility of implementing a community cardiovascular health promotion program with paramedics and volunteers in a South Asian population.

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Bhandari M, Pirrie M, Angeles R, Marzanek F.

    Reference:

    BMC Public Health. 2020 Oct 27;20(1):1618.
    2020

    Poverty and food insecurity of older adults living in social housing in Ontario: a cross-sectional study

    Authors:
    Pirrie, M., Harrison, L., Angeles, R., Marzanek, F., Ziesmann, A., & Agarwal, G.

    Reference:

    BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1320. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09437-3
    2020

    Risk of falls and fear of falling in older adults residing in public housing in Ontario, Canada: findings from a multisite observational study.

    Authors:
    Pirrie, M., Saini, G., Angeles, R. et al.

    Reference:

    BMC Geriatr 20, 11.
    2020

    Type 2 diabetes risk in older adults living in social housing: A cross-sectional study.

    Authors:
    Angeles R, Zhu Y, Pirrie M, Marzanek F, Agarwal G.

    Reference:

    Canadian Journal of Diabetes [Internet]. 2020 Oct 15 [cited 2020 Nov 11];0(0). Available from: https://www.canadianjournalofdiabetes.com/article/S1499-2671(20)30413-5/abstract
    2020

    Understanding Why Frequent Users of EMS Call 9-1-1: A Grounded Theory Study.

    Authors:
    Mahmuda S, Wade-Vallance A, Stosic A, Guenter D, Howard M, Agarwal G, Angeles R.

    Reference:

    Health Promotion Practice, 21(3), 440-447.
    2020

    2019

    Community Paramedicine: A Systematic Review of Program Descriptions and Training.

    Authors:
    Chan J,* Agarwal G.

    Reference:

    Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine.
    2019

    Reducing 9-1-1 emergency medical service calls by implementing a community paramedicine program for vulnerable older adults in public housing in Canada: A multi-site cluster randomized controlled trial.

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Angeles R, Pirrie M, McLeod B, Marzanek F, Parascandalo J, Thabane L.

    Reference:

    Prehospital Emergency Care. 23(5): 718-729.
    2019

    Social factors in frequent callers: a description of isolation, poverty, and quality of life in those calling emergency medical services frequently.

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Lee J, McLeod B, Mahmuda S*, Howard M, Cockrell K, Angeles R.

    Reference:

    BMC Public Health. 19: 684
    2019

    What do community paramedics assess? An environmental scan and %content analysis of patient assessment in community paramedicine.

    Authors:
    Leyenaar, M., McLeod, B., Penhearow, S., Strum, R., Brydges, M., Mercier, E., Nrousseau, A., Besserer, F., Agarwal, G., … [et al.]

    Reference:

    CJEM, 21(6), 766-775. doi:10.1017/cem.2019.379
    2019

    2018

    Assessing Health Literacy Among Older Adults Living in Subsidized Housing: A Cross Sectional Study.

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Habing K, Pirrie M, Angeles R, Marzanek F, Parascandalo J.

    Reference:

    Canadian Journal of Public Health. 109(3): 401-409.
    2018

    Effects of a Community Health Promotion Program on Social Factors in a Vulnerable Older Adult Population residing in Social Housing

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Brydges M.

    Reference:

    BMC Geriatrics. 18(1): 95.
    2018

    Evaluation of a Community Paramedicine Health Promotion and Lifestyle Risk Assessment Program in Seniors Living in Social Housing Buildings: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Angeles R, Pirrie M, McLeod B, Marzanek F, Parascandalo J.

    Reference:

    CMAJ. 190(21): E638-E647.
    2018

    2017

    Effectiveness of a community paramedic-led health assessment and education initiative in a seniors’ residence building: the Community Health Assessment Program through Emergency Medical Services (CHAP-EMS)

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Angeles R, Pirrie M, Marzanek F, McLeod B, Parascandalo J, Dolovich L.

    Reference:

    BMC Emergency Medicine. 17(8): 1 - 8.
    2017

    2016

    Examining hypertension rates, severity, knowledge, and modifiable risk factors in older adults residing in Ontario subsidised housing.

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, McDonough B, Angeles R, Pirrie M, McLeod B, Marzanek F, Parascandalo J, Dolovich L

    Reference:

    Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 31(10): S50.
    2016

    The CHAP-EMS/CP@clinic health promotion program: a qualitative study on participants’ views of the role of paramedics.

    Authors:
    Brydges M, Agarwal G, Denton M.

    Reference:

    BMC Health Service Research. 16(435): n/a.
    2016

    2015

    Development of a community health and wellness pilot in a subsidised seniors’ apartment building in Hamilton, Ontario: Community Health Awareness Program delivered by Emergency Medical Services (CHAP-EMS)

    Authors:
    Agarwal G,Angeles R, McDonough B, McLeod B, Marzanek F, Pirrie M, Dolovich L.

    Reference:

    BMC Research Notes. 8(8): 113.
    2015

    Rationale and methods of a multicentre RCT of the effectiveness of a Community Health Assessment Program with Emergency Medical Services (CHAP-EMS/CP@clinic) implemented on residents aged 55 years and older in subsidised seniors’ housing buildings in Ontario.

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, McDonough B, Angeles R, Pirrie M, Marzanek F, McLeod B, Dolovich L.

    Reference:

    BMJ Open. 5(6): e008110.
    2015

    2014

    Effectiveness of a Community Health and Wellness Pilot in a Subsidized Seniors’ Apartment Building: CHAP-EMS/CP@clinic

    Authors:
    Agarwal G, Angeles R, McDonough B, McLeod B, Marzanek F, Pirrie M, Dolovich L

    Reference:

    CHAP-EMS. Canadian Journal of Diabetes. 38(5): S72.
    2014

    Annual Reports

    2023 Annual Report

    2023 Annual Report Cover
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